This book a collocation of independently edited treatises pursues a twofold objective: on the one hand it is a tractate concerned with the meaning ramification and scope of the philosophy of biology; while on the other it is an attempt to define a potential system of philosophy-sci­ence that will be based upon biology and its philosophy and aimed at coming to grips with the various scientific technological as well as moral and spiritual questions of our problem-torn age. The treatises published at separate times in different journals make up the chapters of this book. In each of them specific items and aspects of the principal problem-trends are dealt with. The chapters to use a musicological simile are variations of the main theme. Although they are linked to one another in a logical sequence each of them displays an integral form and can also therefore be studied independently of the rest.Herewith I investigate first of all what 'culture' and 'civilization' respec­tively mean again within the framework of the philosophy of science and most particularly one of its resulting problems 'evolution'. Then I follow culture's historical trail; and try to pinpoint how 'civilization1 has grown out of some cultures.Finally This book will show and make readers realize that it should and even could not be overlooked that there is a vital necessity to explore mentally the possibilities of an alternative to the current globalizing civilization. Oth­erwise we are indeed standing on the verge of the end of history.